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Marquette
Becomes A Commerce Center, Early Hospitals
Marquette's
early development was supported by its protected harbor, central
location on Lake Superior's southern shore, and abundant natural
resources.
The city grew
rapidly as men and supplies for the area iron mines, and the mine's
pig iron and ore, funneled through the Marquette harbor. A plank
road was laid to connect Marquette with the iron mines and forge.
It was upgraded to a mule-powered strap railway in 1855. Docks to
load the iron ore onto ships were also completed that year. Ore
was hand-shoveled out of the carts, loaded into wheelbarrows, and
hauled up a gangplank into the waiting ship.
The first
pocket dock, which placed the ore above the ship's deck and greatly
reduced the work of loading, was completed in 1857. Marquette's
first steam locomotive, the Sebastopol, arrived the same year.
A near riot
followed as muleskinners, who would soon lose their jobs, tried
to prevent the unloading of the locomotive. The ship's captain promised
to shoot the first man who got in the way, and the Sebastopol was
soon unloaded and replaced the mule carts.
The Soo locks
also opened in 1855. Until then, ore had to be unloaded, hauled
around the rapids, and reloaded onto ships for the trip downstate.
Charles T. Harvey designed and constructed the locks on schedule
and then moved to the Marquette area. He later founded the town
of Harvey, which he hoped would surpass Marquette. His home, the
Bayou House, is still a Harvey landmark.
Dr. Gilbert
H. Blaker arrived in Marquette in the midst of this development.
He is credited with being the first physician to hang out a shingle
and start a medical practice on his own. However, Marquette residents
were a fairly robust group in 1856 and Dr. Blaker had a difficult
time making ends meet. Local families with sufficient funds paid
him $12 a year toward his support. Dr. Blaker kept meticulous weather
records for the Smithsonian Institution while in Marquette. He left
to join the Union army in the Civil War and died in 1865. Blaker
Street, where he had his home, was named in his memory.
Several other
physicians came to the Marquette area, bought or rented homes, and
set up practice. Marquette's first emergency hospital was established
by Dr. J.A. Desjardin on the corner of Rock and Fourth Streets in
1873.
The Marquette
Hospital, a private facility, opened in 1882 by Dr. Phil Hopkins
on 213 Lake Street. Dr. I.E. Ware joined Dr. Hopkins, and the hospital
moved twice to larger establishments, first to 720 Lake Street and
then to the corner of Adams and Genesee Streets. There was also
a Northwestern Hospital, run by W.A. Perrin, in operation on the
corner of Front and Arch Streets in 1890.
Marquette
General Hospital got its start as the Marquette City Hospital, organized
in July 1896 by Drs. Northrop, Foster, Youngquist, Harkin and Hornbogen.
It quickly outgrew its 12-bed facility on 152 E. Prospect, and moved
to a site on Front Street where the public library now stands. The
15- to 25-bed hospital was on a street car line to make patient
transfers easier. A January 1, 1897 Marquette Mining Journal article
boasted that the hospital "contains every convenience -- hot and
cold water, bathrooms, etc."
However, it
had no elevator and the superintendent, Mr. Frank Stolpe, had to
carry patients up and down the stairs on his back. In June 1897,
the hospital moved to 123 W. Ridge Street (later known as the Elizabeth
and Zweifel Apartments). The name was changed to St. Luke's later
that year. The Regional Medical Center we know today developed from
this modest beginning.
1997
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