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CARDIAC
CATHETERIZATION
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purpose of a cardiac catheterization is to identify your coronary
arteries and determine if there is a blockage in one of them.
Your doctor will be able to see how severe the blockage is,
if there is any damage to the heart muscle, (heart pump), and
select the best form of treatment for you. The
heart muscle itself is supplied with blood from the coronary
arteries. There are two coronary artery systems. The left
artery begins at the aorta as the left main artery. It quickly
branches off to the left anterior descending, which feeds
the front side of the heart with blood, and the left circumflex,
which feeds the left side and the back of the heart. The right
coronary artery comes off the aorta and feeds the right side
and the back of the heart.
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Coronary
artery disease-
The walls of
the coronary arteries are normally smooth and flexible, so blood
flows through them easily. Over the years, fatty deposits can narrow
the arteries and limit the flow of blood to the muscle of the heart.
This can lead to angina symptoms or a heart attack. If your doctor
thinks you may have coronary artery disease, he or she may recommend
a cardiac catheterization.
Preparation
for a cardiac catheterization-
You may need
to have some routine blood tests, EKG, and a chest x-ray before
your procedure. You will be asked not to eat or drink anything after
midnight the day of your test and you will need to sign a consent
form. The nurse will shave and wash your groin areas, this is where
the catheter will be inserted. An IV will be started to give medications
throughout the test. You will be encouraged to watch a video about
your test.
During
catheterization-
Catheterization
will be preformed in a "cath lab." Once in the lab you will be placed
on a table under movable x-ray equipment. You will be hooked up
to an EKG and a finger probe that will measure your blood oxygen
continuously. You will be draped with sterile sheets. The doctor
will come in and feel for your pulse in your groin. A local anesthetic
will be injected to "numb" up the area. This will sting and burn
much like a bee sting. A small tube or catheter is inserted, you
may feel some pressure during this part. After that you shouldn't
feel much of anything; the other catheters used are inserted through
the first tube. The catheters are guided up through your aorta and
to your heart. Your doctor will inject a contrast dye material and
use x-ray to place the catheters and to take the pictures. One of
the pictures will make you feel hot and flushed from head to toe.
The doctor injects a large amount of contrast dye into your left
ventricle (pumping chamber); the dye then circulates through your
body. This allows the doctor to see how effectively your heart is
pumping blood. A movie is made of your heart activity, to help the
doctor determine the best treatment for you. Catheters will be changed
several times to look at the different arteries. Several pictures
at different angles will be taken to get a 3 dimensional view of
your arteries. You will be awake during the procedure. You may get
chest pain during the injections of dye, which should last only
a few seconds.
Post
procedure-
After the procedure
is complete, the catheter will be removed and pressure will be held
on the artery in your groin area to assure that bleeding has stopped.
You will be brought to the Outpatient Cardiac Unit, where you will
remain in bed for 2-6 hours depending on your specific situation.
Your nurse will check on you frequently, but if you feel any pain
in the groin site or anything warm and runny, notify your nurse
right away. You will need to drink a lot of fluid to flush the dye
through your kidneys. Your doctor will discuss the findings of your
procedure and formulate a plan for you.
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